http://precedings.nature.com/tags/of Recently posted documents tagged with 'of' Nature Publishing Group en Nature Precedings http://precedings.nature.com/images/header_logo.gif http://precedings.nature.com http://precedings.nature.com/documents/3299/version/1 Among the models that become more and more popular in behavioral neuroscience are biosocial models, which allow studying the consequences of chronic social conflicts and social stress in animals. The sensory contact model appears to represent one of such models. Repeated experience of aggression or social defeats in daily agonistic interactions in male mice of different strains leads to the formation of opposing kinds of social behavior: one attributable to winners (aggressors) and another attributable to losers (defeated males, victims of aggression). A large variety of behavioral pathologies which develop in male mice in these conditions (anxious depression, catalepsy, social withdrawal, pronounced aggression, anxiety, hyperactivity, cognitive disturbances, anhedonia etc.), which are accompanied by somatic changes (reduced gonad function, psychogenic immune deficiency etc), suggest that this approach could be used for different aims of biomedical studies. Putative mechanisms of release and maintenance of aggressive and submissive behaviors in male mice under the sensory contact model, criteria of correct application, basic experimental setups and problem of the control, methodical capabilities and potentials of the sensory contact model applications are discussed in this paper. http://precedings.nature.com/documents/3299/version/1 Mon, 01 Jun 2009 13:09:15 UTC Sensory Contact Model: Protocol, Control, Applications hdl:10101/npre.2009.3299.1 2009-06-01 N.N. Kudryavtseva Nature Precedings 2009-06-01T13:09:15Z Manuscript Neuroscience http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/ http://precedings.nature.com/documents/1244/version/2 The cognitive unbinding paradigm suggests that the synthesis of cognitive information is attenuated by general anesthesia. Here, we investigated the functional organization of brain activities in the conscious and anesthetized states, based on characteristic functional segregation and integration of electroencephalography (EEG). EEG recordings were obtained from 14 subjects undergoing induction of general anesthesia with propofol. We quantified changes in mean information integration capacity in each band of the EEG. After induction with propofol, mean information integration capacity was reduced most prominently in the gamma band of the EEG (p=0.0001). Furthermore, we demonstrate that loss of consciousness is reflected by the breakdown of the spatiotemporal organization of gamma waves. Induction of general anesthesia with propofol reduces the capacity for information integration in the brain. These data directly support the information integration theory of consciousness and the cognitive unbinding paradigm of general anesthesia. http://precedings.nature.com/documents/1244/version/2 Thu, 20 Nov 2008 18:06:51 UTC Propofol Induction Reduces the Capacity for Neural Information Integration: Implications for the Mechanism of Consciousness and General Anesthesia hdl:10101/npre.2008.1244.2 2008-11-20 UnCheol Lee Nature Precedings 2008-11-20T18:06:51Z Manuscript Neuroscience http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/ http://precedings.nature.com/documents/203/version/1 Theoretical arguments and some mathematical models of host-parasite coevolution (e.g. [1- 6]) suggest host immunity as the driving source for the evolution of parasite virulence. Imperfect vaccines in particular, can play the role and recent work [7] sets to test these ideas experimentally, using the mouse malaria model, Plasmodium chabaudi. To this end the authors evolve parasite lines in immunized and nonimmunized (“naïve”) mice using serial passage of infected blood samples. They find parasite lines evolved in immunized mice become more virulent than those evolved in naive mice. Furthermore, this feature persisted even when the evolved strains were transmitted through mosquitoes. Here we develop a mathematical model of parasite dynamics that qualitatively reproduces the experimental results of [7]. Our model accounts for the basic in-host processes: (i) production and depletion of red blood cells (RBC); (ii) immune-modulated parasite growth/ replication, (iii) immune stimulation and clearing of parasite. Besides we introduce multiple parasite strains with variable levels of virulence, and allow random mutations during replication process. The virulence is represented by a single parameter – immune stimulation threshold. So more virulent strains have higher “tolerance levels”, hence increased RBC depletion (anemia). Numeric simulations with our model exhibit, as in [7] the overall evolution of virulence in serial passage of parasite strains, and its enhancement through partial (imperfect) immunization. http://precedings.nature.com/documents/203/version/1 Mon, 25 Jun 2007 05:21:52 UTC Evolution of malaria virulence in cross-generation transmission through selective immune pressure hdl:10101/npre.2007.203.1 2009-03-04 David E. Gurarie Nature Precedings 2007-06-25T05:21:52Z Manuscript Immunology Bioinformatics Evolutionary Biology http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/2.5/