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Concurrent Acquisition of a Single Nucleotide Polymorphism in Diverse Influenza H5N1 Clade 2.2 Sub-clades
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- Recombinomics, Inc.
- Central Laboratory for Veterinary Quality Control, Giza, Egypt
- Ministry of Health and Population, Arabic Republic of Egypt
- NAMRU-3 Ghana Detachment, Accra, Ghana
- Noguchi Memorial Institute for Medical Research, Accra, Ghana
- U.S. Naval Medical Research Center
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- Document Type:
- Manuscript
- Date:
- Received 07 May 2008 22:53 UTC; Posted 08 May 2008
- Subjects:
- Biotechnology, Evolutionary Biology and Ecology, Genetics, Microbiology, Bioinformatics
- Abstract:
Highly pathogenic Influenza A H5N1 was first identified in Guangdong Province in 1996, followed by human cases in Hong Kong in 1997 1,2. The number of confirmed human cases now exceeds 300 and the associated Case Fatality Rate exceeds 60% 3. The genetic diversity of the serotype continues to increase. Four distinct clades or sub-clades have been linked to human cases 4-7. The gradual genetic changes identified in the sub-clades have been attributed to copy errors by viral encoded polymerases that lack an editing function, thereby resulting in antigenic drift 8. We report here the concurrent acquisition of the same polymorphism by multiple, genetically distinct, clade 2.2 sub-clades in Egypt, Russia, Kuwait, and Ghana. These changes are not easily explained by the current theory of “random mutation” through copy error, and are more easily explained by recombination with a common source. The recombination role is further supported by the high fidelity replication in swine influenza 9 and aggregation of single nucleotide polymorphisms in H5N1 clade 2.2 hemagglutinin 10.
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- This document is licensed to the public under the Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 License
- How to cite this document:
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Niman, Henry, Aly, Mona, Arafa, Abdel-Satar , El-Sayed, Nasr, Nayel, Ahmed , Abdelghani, Ahmed , Esmat, Hala , Raczniak, Gregory , Agyen-Frempong, Mensah , Ampofo, William , and Boynton, Bruce. Concurrent Acquisition of a Single Nucleotide Polymorphism in Diverse Influenza H5N1 Clade 2.2 Sub-clades. Available from Nature Precedings <http://hdl.handle.net/10101/npre.2008.459.4> (2008)
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Henry Niman on 11 May 2008 15:35 UTC
A new HA sequence is being released from Saudi Arabia, A/falcon/Saudi Arabia/6732-2/2007. It differs from the earlier sequence, A/houbara bustard/Saudi Arabia/6732-1/2007, at only one position (both are clade 2.2.3). However, that change is also found in human and bird isolates from central or upper Egypt (clade 2.2.1), which extends the number of 2007 Egyptian acquisitions that are also found in 2007 clade 2.2.3 isolates.
A/duck/Egypt/07322S-NLQP/2007
A/goose/Egypt/07364S-NLQP/2007
A/chicken/Egypt/07181-NLQP/2007
A/Egypt/4226-NAMRU3/2007
A/Egypt/4082-NAMRU3/2007
A/Egypt/4081-NAMRU3/2007
A/Egypt/2750-NAMRU3/2007
A/Egypt/2620-NAMRU3/2007
A/Egypt/2616-NAMRU3/2007
A/Egypt/2331-NAMRU3/2007
A/Egypt/2321-NAMRU3/2007